The Samarco Dam Collapse

The Samarco Dam Collapse The Biggest Brazilian Environmental Disaster Introduction    When a natural catastrophe happens, it always catches the attention of people around the world. Therefore, this research was the place where information was collected about the greatest environmental disaster that occurred in the history of Brazil, which affected the lives of many Brazilians. This report aims to show the damage caused to the population and the environment, besides the neglect of these large companies with the population Methodology This report is constituted of research and collection of information of news, and informative reports about the biggest environmental disaster in the history of Brazil. The Disaster On November 5, 2015, the greatest environmental disaster occurred in the history of Brazil. This tragedy occurred at the small historic town of Mariana in the interior of the state of Minas Gerais. The Fundà £o dam, which was the responsibility of the mining company Samarco, failed, causing the leakage of approximately 62 million cubic meters of mud from the tailings, a huge tsunami In total 19 people died, hundreds of buildings were destroyed and left families homeless. The largest volume leakage of material dumped by dams of mining rejects of all time, also caused the pollution of the Doce river and environmental damage that extended to the states of Espà ­rito Santo And Bahia. (O Globo,2016) The village that was destroyed by the mine collapse (The Argentina Independent,2016) The mudslide tsunami reached 39 cities in three Brazilian states. As a result of this disaster more than 11 tons of fish were killed. The fauna and flora in the Rio Doce Basin became even more vulnerable. Ecosystem and species already threatened by predatory activities, impacts from industry, agriculture and mining are now at risk of extinction.(O Globo, 2016) The Results Samarco is controlled by Vale and the Australian company BHP Billiton, which accounts for 2% of the world production of pellets (steel balls used in steel production), is also one of the largest exporters in Brazil. (News.com.au, 2016) The Fundà £o dam used the hydraulic landfill system. The preliminary reports showed that the main hypothesis for the accident, according to experts, is that a liquefaction (process has occurred, rather than Ejecting, retaining water), leading to the transformation of the sand into mud and a sudden variation in the internal pressure of the tailings deposit, making it unable to contain the waste. Shortly before the accident, the University of Sà £o Paulos Seismology Center (USP) recorded four small earthquakes. (O Globo, 2016) Almost a year after the disaster, a re-issue was announced with the possible causes of the breach of the reservoir, BHP commercial director Dean Dalla Valle said there is no evidence that anyone had put production ahead of safety or reason to believe that someone from BHP had indicated that the dam was in danger. The purpose is to determine the cause of the failure and not blame, (News.com.au, 2016) said Dalla Valle, denying that BHP or Vale had information about the prospects for a disaster. Youre not hiding any of it its there for all to see. (News.com.au, 2016) In the report, it was found that the rupture of the dam was caused by structural defects that prevented drainage. Despite the results, Samarco denies irregularities. It is clear that despite the results presented the company remains concerned about its own profits rather than being worried about predicting future disasters. According to The Argentina Independent, the 76 pages of the report showed that the dam rupture was caused by problems in the drainage project. Furthermore a small earthquake on the day the dam also could have accelerated the failure, according to the report. Besides that a separate police investigation also accused mining company Samarco of intentional misconduct, claiming the company ignored signs that a dam was at risk of collapse. Samarco has already been fined 250m reals ( £64m) by Ibama (Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources) and 112m reals ( £28m) by Semad (Minas Gerais state governments environment agency). (News.com.au, 2016) Conclusion Even the disaster had occurred in the Rio Doce basin affecting a small part of a country as big as Brazil the disaster is far from over for the people living in those places. Douglas Krenak explains: Those affected continue to suffer, public health is precarious, The social system is precarious, its going down, this tragedy is creating problems now and it will create more in the future( The Argentina Independent, 2016). Although this story is far from over, what is expected to be responsible for the damage to the population and the environment. So that in the future the companies will invest more in the development of new technologies in their works foreseeing a greater security so that disasters like this one never happen again Bibliography The Guardian (2016, October15) Samarco dam collapse: one year on from Brazils worst environmental disaster Retrived February 27,2016, from:https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/oct/15/samarco-dam-collapse-brazil-worst-environmental-disaster-bhp-billiton-vale-mining O Globo(2016, November 11) Maior desastre ambiental do Brasil, Tragà ©dia de Mariana deixou 19 mortos Retrived February 27,2016, from:http://acervo.oglobo.globo.com/em-destaque/maior-desastre-ambiental-do-brasil-tragedia-de-mariana-deixou-19-mortos-20208009 The Argentina Independent(2016, april 7) The Forgotten Tragedy: Revisiting Brazils Worst Ever Retrived February 28,2016, from:http://www.argentinaindependent.com/currentaffairs/analysis/revisiting-brazils-worst-ever-environmental-disaster/ Insurance Journal(2016, august 30) Brazil Mine Disaster Caused by Poor Drainage Design of Tailings Dam: Report Retrived February 28,2016, from:http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/international/2016/08/30/424781.htm News.com.au(2016, september 1) BHP on fatal Brazil dam burst report: Were not hiding any of it Retrived February 29,2016, from:http://www.news.com.au/technology/environment/bhp-on-fatal-brazil-dam-burst-report-were-not-hiding-any-of-it/news-story/562524fb559f21f4180b171da7009098

Jehovah’s Witness Study Notes

Jehovah's Witnesses was first started by Charles Taze Russel in Pittsburgh around 1870. What led Charles Russel to first start the denomination was when he tried to convert an atheist to Christianity and ended up being converted instead, not to atheism but to agnosticism. Important Religious Beliefs Witnesses rely on the authority of the Bible when they live their day to day life. They believe that the bible is a gift from God that tells humans about what God is like, how to cope with problems, and how to please God. Jehovah’s Witnesses affirm full inspiration of the bible by God and the preservation if its copies over the centuries. Jehovah’s Witness have a special translation if the Bible called the New World Translation Witness believe in only one God. They stress the fact that God has revealed his personal name to humanity, which is Jehovah. Jehovah, in the book, has a spirit body and lives in heaven, but sees all things. While Christians believe that Jesus was â€Å"fully God, fully man†, Witnesses teach that Jesus was not God, but God’s first official creation. Jehovah’s Witnesses believe that that they: Teach the truth about God, provide a model of a perfect life for people to follow, and he sacrificed his life to set humans free from sin and that his crucifixion was not on a cross but a upright stake. Customs and Practices Jehovah’s Witnesses baptize those of age who have made a decision to join the faith. Baptism is done by full entrance in water. After one is Baptized they are to include regular attendance at Kingdom Hall meetings and evangelism. Witnessing and Evangelism is the most know to other religions, it is done door-to-door. Witnesses who are employed full time (and are known as Kingdom publishers) devote 100 hours each month to witnessing. Paid employees of the Watchtower Society who are expected to spend about 150 hours per month on evangelism. Jehovah’s Witnesses hold religions services in buildings called Kingdom Halls (could be rented). There are no crosses displayed inside or outside the Kingdom Hall. Holy Books Jehovah’s Witness have a special translation if the Bible called the New World Translation. The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, there are six volumes between 1950 and 1960. Membership Today Since 1995 the Watchtower society have quickly become less encouraging. Similarities and Differences Both religions believe in only one God and both live lives that are guided by a book, the bible. Differences include that Witnesses must advertise their practice and attend meetings 3 times a weeks, while Catholics are free to live the lives they feel are best suited for them.

Science Report on Spinosaurs

DATE: January 24, 2013 NAME: Carl Kallies SCIENCE REPORT: Dinosaurs – Spinosaurus The Spinosaurus is my favorite of all the dinosaurs. It was made famous in the movie Jurassic Park 3, one of my favorite movies. Scientists estimate Spinosaurus to be 40 to 56 feet or 12 to 17 meters from head to tail. Spinosaurus’ body looks a lot like that of T-Rex, but there are a couple of obvious differences. Of course, T-Rex didn’t carry that large sail-like fins made of 6-foot spines.And the front arms of the Spinosaurus are heavier and longer than T-Rex’s arms. Some scientists think this means that Spinosaurus used them for walking, while others say these strong front arms could really get a grip on dinner. The head of Spinosaurus was longer, more narrow, and not as heavily built as that of T-Rex. Whoever named this beast wasn’t having the most creative day. Spinosaurus means â€Å"spiny lizard. † There were large spines extending from the vertebrae alon g its back.And when I say large, I mean they could grow up to 6 feet long! Most researchers believe that the spines were covered with a membrane of skin that filled in the spaces between the spines, sort of the way webbing fills in the spaces between the â€Å"toes† of a duck This made a sail-like fin that could have helped control body heat. Some researchers think that the sail could have been extended or collapsed at least to some extent. Perhaps then the sail could be used to get some other dino’s attention.Spinosaurus was discovered in 1912 by a German paleontologist. Ernst Stromer found the first and most complete specimen in Egypt. Sadly, this specimen was destroyed during the bombing of Munich in WWII. No Spinosaurus since Stromer’s first find have been as complete. The long narrow snout of Spinosaurus contained jaws full of sharply pointed teeth. Unlike the steak knife serrations of T-rex teeth, Spinosaurus teeth were smooth and round.Because of the rese mblance to the bite of crocodiles, where the upper teeth of the Spinosaurus interlock with the lower teeth, scientists think Spinosaurus might have had a diet consisting primarily of fish. To add weight to the fish diet theory, acid etched Fish scales have been found in Spinosaurus stomachs. While their bodies are well-adapted for meat, their particular variety may have been of the swimming type. I think that the Spinosaurus is one of the best dinosaurs ever discovered.

Psychology and Impact Personality Development - 1997 Words

1. Define personality. 2. Analyze how biological, situational and mental processes impact personality development. 3. Discuss social and cultural contributions to personality development. 4. Describe the major dispositional theories of personality. 5. Describe the major process theories of personality. 6. Evaluate the major personality theories. 7. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of commonly used personality assessment techniques, validity, reliability. Define personality. Personality * Is a unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel and behave * Is shaped by biological, situational, and mental processes in a sociocultural and development context * Impacts people’s cognition, motivation and†¦show more content†¦one would play with an outgoing child more than an inhibited one pushes inhibited child towards shyness * E.g. observational learning Traits * Emerge from temperaments and influenced by experiences * Guides thoughts and actions under various conditions * Relatively stable * BIG 5 Traits * Openness to experience, Conscientious, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism * Has validity across cultures (but most of these studies utilized university students as respondents who are more influenced by European-American views * Quite accurate * Labels a person but gives no explanation on why Evaluation of Trait Theories X Portrayed personality as fixed and static rather than a process that can undergo development changes depending on experiences X oversimplified our complex nature X Do not tell muchShow MoreRelatedPsychology and Impact Personality Development2008 Words   |  9 PagesDefine personality. 2. Analyze how biological, situational and mental processes impact personality development. 3. Discuss social and cultural contributions to personality development. 4. Describe the major dispositional theories of personality. 5. Describe the major process theories of personality. 6. Evaluate the major personality theories. 7. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of commonly used personality assessment techniques, validity, reliability. Define personality. Personality * IsRead MoreInterview With The Personality Theorist1318 Words   |  6 Pagesassignment is to prepare a transcript for a mocked interview with four personality theorist. The four personality theorists included in this interview are; Horney, Erikson, Jung, and Adler. In this mocked interview, one will pretend to ask each theorist a combination of questions about the viewpoints of Sigmund Freud, and his daughter, Anna Freud. In addition, each theorist will explain what impact they believe their work has had on psychology as they see it today. Outline of Interview Interviewer: KathleenRead MoreFreudian Psychoanalysis As The Forerunner Of All Psychotherapeutic Methods979 Words   |  4 Pagescoping mechanism (Jones Butman, 2012) Freud’s model of personality posits that: 1. There are three levels of consciousness: the conscious experiences, the preconscious experiences, and unconscious experiences, however, all behavior is determined by unconscious experiences. 2. Human Behavior is determined by past unresolved events from childhood. 3. Human behavior is determined by the interaction of sexual and aggressive drives. 4. Personality is structured in terms the id, ego and superego. The idRead MoreThe Psychology : Skinner And The Events That Fits With Skinner s Development Process1637 Words   |  7 Pagessurroundings, and the events tragic or otherwise influence a person’s development throughout their life span. These developments can affect a person’s personality and the way that they may behave. This paper will take a look at all of these aspects and how exactly they play a role in a person’s development. This paper will focus on the psychologist B.F. Skinner and the events that he went through during his life and how is affected his personality and behaviors. This paper will also take a look at Freud’sRead MorePsychology Is The Scientific Study Of The Mind And Behavior986 Words   |  4 PagesA Look into Psychology Psychology is known to be the scientific study of the human’s mind and behavior. Psychology is not the study of extraordinary mind activity like paranormal, extrasensory perception (ESP), astrology, nor phrenology. Psychology is theoretically constructed and uses a standard scientific process to discover evidences of that human’s behavior. Psychology also allows an individual to give special assistance to a specific group of children who could have a difficult time in schoolRead MoreThe Relationship Between Essentialist And Contextualist Standpoints On Personality Continuity866 Words   |  4 PagesPersonality tends to refer to a unique, systemic amalgamation of characteristics and traits that define an individual (Mayer, 2007). However, contesting views on the specifics of this definition inform varied perspectives on the malleability or permanence of personality throughout life; while Mayer (2007) has further described personality as a ‘developing systemâ€⠄¢, others, such as Pervin, Cervone, John (2005), state that it must prescribe ‘consistent patterns’ in cognition and behaviour. The resultantRead MoreThe Orientation Of Individual And Adlerian Psychology889 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Society for Individual Psychology. Individual psychology is more concerned with the whole person who has social, purposeful, and developmental determinants (p. 171). In this paper, I will introduce the theorical orientation of individual or Adlerian psychology. This paper will discuss how individual psychology understands human development, the role of cultural factors, the etiology of pathological symptoms/problem areas, and the role of treatment. Human Development According to Frager andRead MoreSocial Psychology And Albert Bandura s Social Cognitive Theory1338 Words   |  6 Pagesintended as a review of how personalities effect our actual behaviors and how those behaviors are molded into an individualistic personality. The best definition of personality I found is â€Å"Personality is can be described in terms of personality traits: characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving† (Soto Tacket, 2015). For purposes of this paper, I chose to incorporate Horney’s Social and Cultural Psychoanalyses, Erik Erikson’s Psychoanalytic Ego Psychology and Albert Bandura’s SocialRead MoreDefinition of Psychology1625 Words   |  7 PagesWhen asked to define psychology there so many thoughts that runs through my mind. Psychology is the scientific study of ones thoughts and behavior. People think psychologically every day for example when you try to explain what someone else is doing to another person. There are many fields of study that try to understand how people think and the actions they take. Psychology is used for many different reasons not only do they study the human behavior they also help mental patients and try to figureRead MoreThe Theory Of Personality Psychology1292 Words   |  6 Pages Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on the differences between people’s behaviors in terms of patterns, cognitions, and emotion. Personality psychology has been around for centuries, since Hippocrates’ Four Humors. Personality psychology has taken on many forms and has continued to develop throughout the centuries. Personality psychology is also developed with and from other fields of psychology like child development, behavioral, cognitive, and few others. Personality