Essay on The Influence of Television on Society - 1089 Words

The Influence of Television on Society In the year of 1926 a man called John Lougie Baird had invented something that has become part of the day-to-day lifestyle of nearly everyone. He had successfully tested it in a laboratory in late 1925 and unveiled with much fanfare in London in early 1926, and later mechanical television was quickly usurped by electronical television. Over the years television has developed greatly, going from black and white to coloured and ranging greatly in size. From portable and hand held televisions to widescreen and flat widescreen televisions, there is a choice to suit everyone. The most recent additions to this can vary from VCRs to DVDs to play stations and other†¦show more content†¦Kaiser Family Foundation, showed that only three percent of sitcoms discussed any of the risks and responsibilities associated with sex drugs and violence. Do they also know that foul language has increased on these shows and words absent on television ten years ago are now cropping up in more comm only in the scripts of characters on soaps and on every network? Would you want your children to grow up using bad language as part of their everyday speech? No definitely not I would ponder, If you ask my opinion, I would say that yes, television does teach children to be creative, but not in a good sense. With television progressing at this rate and filling up with more violence, sex and strong language which is easily accessed, these circumstances can be avoided by ensuring that children take part in more sports such as football, swimming, running, cycling and lots of others and watch less television. Also do you think that a, elderly person would watch a film happily that consists of a lot of violence and strong language? Television could that very strong impact on the elderly if maybe they watch too much of it. It could deprive them of their social life and watching too much television could lead an old woman or manShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Television and Technology in S ociety Essay834 Words   |  4 Pagesbetter but to what effect to human society? There appears to be a concern of moral and spiritual affect of what, and how we as society got to this point! Television has conveyed numerous adjustments to the way many people squander their leisure time. Some changes are beneficial; while others may be more poisonous to the mind. Television is so much more powerful because it is able to reach more people at one time. Society also reflects what is publicized on television in various areas, as well as waysRead MoreThe Influence of Television on American Society and Politics1709 Words   |  7 Pagesnewspapers, televisions and the internet, has any media had enough of an impact to alter the conclusion of a war. As the industry of newspapers and posters started to boom during the Second World War, reporters and media companies began exaggerating the story or even exacerbating the story because this fabrication made money quickly and easily. The lies and exaggerations of the media bring fear and strike panic across the nation. With advances in technology the nation introduced the television and, nearlyRead More Influence of Television Upon M odern Society Essay526 Words   |  3 PagesInfluence of Television Upon Modern Society   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Television is a form of media that has great ability to influence and brainwash the viewing public. The talking box in one’s living room has assumed the overpowering role it plays today as a result of the weakness of society. This may seem like a negative view but a society’s strength is based on the relationships between people and when so much time is spent away from others and together with the media, the actions that take place are often timesRead MoreThe Effects Of Television On Children s Influence On Society1439 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the statistics gathered by Nielson’s 20ll â€Å"State of the Trends in TV Viewing,† over 99% of Americans own at least one television and average a total of 34 hours 39 minutes of TV viewing per week (Citation). Outlets such as television shows and movies have the power to influence viewers both directly and indirectly in positive manners; being able to see someone like yourself has the ability to shape how you view yourself and the world. However, the problem lies in the fact that the majorityRead MoreMy Pop Culture Research Topic1250 Words   |  5 PagesMy Pop Culture Research Topic The research topic that I chose to work on is television. I chose this specific topic for various reasons. One reason why I decided to discuss the television subject because for one, it truly has a massive effect on the masses of people, especially when it comes to certain cultures. For instance, the black communities. Reality TV shows such as Love and Hip Hop and Basketball Wives, for example, has a huge affect on black guys and girls alike, especially black femalesRead MoreMedia and Its Affects1514 Words   |  7 Pagesthe nations that there is a greater influence of entertainment on the younger generation. The effects of entertainment on the younger generation in America can be said to be both positive and negative. The influence is mostly on entertainment media such as television, radio, and the Internet. The influence on the upcoming generation has affected their expression and views on the culture of America. The influence is on how they talk, dress, and act on the society. Th e social media pressure that isRead More Television and Society Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesTelevision and Society In Marie Winn’s Essay â€Å"Television: The Plug In Drug,† she states, â€Å"Television’s contribution to family life has been an equivocal one.† Winn focuses on the issue of televisions influence in the lives of American families. Her emphasis is on the mediums influence on children. Although she makes a strong case for the negative influence of television, she fails to consider all of the benefits television has brought to American families. On its own, the television is neitherRead MoreThe Impact of Reality Tv on the Teenagers1732 Words   |  7 PagesKamat : Prof. Jenny Benoy Abstract Reality-based television programming has become a dominant force in television over the past seven years and a staple of most networks’ primetime lineups. This relatively quick change in the television landscape and the sudden increase in viewers’ consumption of reality television necessitate an investigation into the impact these shows are having on their viewers. This proposal attempts to exploreRead MoreViolence And Sex On Television898 Words   |  4 Pages Violence and Sex on Television: Effects on the Younger Audience In today’s society, the media is used greatly for communication, advertisement, information, and for numerous other reasons. The world has evolved by technological advances as well as by the type of content that is put out on the internet, radio, and especially on television. In particular, violence and sex are two of the most controversial content types that have been recently used loosely in the present as compared to theRead More Media and Society Essay519 Words   |  3 Pages Media and Society Does society influence media or does media influence society? In a modern world, dependent on continuous communication this is a very important question. If the world were not dependent on communication over large distances, schooling on a mass basis would not be possible or necessary. Most knowledge in traditional cultures was local knowledge, (Geertz 1983) traditions that were passed on through a local community, a very slow and long drawn out

The Mexican Political System Of Mexico - 1407 Words

Corruption has long been considered a characteristic feature of the Mexican political system that can be explained as the misuse of public power primarily by elected politicians for their private gains. Mexico suffers from high levels of poverty, inequality, and low economic growth that lead to corruption. Mexico ranks 79th out of 99 in the World Justice Project’s international rule of law index, and is still behind Chile, Colombia, and Brazil. â€Å"On paper, Mexico has well-established track record of dedication to the rule of law and law and order. In practice, though, many observers say that political power into a nominally democratic system that preserves space for serious conflicts of interest†. (Flannery. 2015) Although Mexico suffers from corruption and rule of law, new foreign investment interest is growing and is ranked third within Latin America in the World’s Bank’s 2014 Doing Business index. Mexico’s corruption can be characterized by explaining; (a) what causes corruption in Mexico, (b) the effects of the drug war in Mexico, and (c) what the government is doing to improve corruption. In describing the factors that leads Mexico into corruption, I argue that by identifying what causes corruption in Mexico, how the drug war is affecting corruption and exactly what the government is doing to try to improve this issue Mexico’s biggest issue of corruption can be resolved. Mexico has had a long history of political corruption. â€Å"From theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Political Culture of Mexico1154 Words   |  5 PagesMexican Political Culture As once put by Mexican Nobel laureate Octavio Paz, Mexico is a land of â€Å"super-imposed pasts† (McCormick, p.326). It continues to be and is seen as a melding pot of its European and Native American ideas about society, law and government. Its history has had a major influence on the political culture of Mexico, seen through years of revolution, violence and corruption. Mexico is a considered a new democracy, but there is a tension still seen between democracy and authoritarianismRead MoreMexican Independence During The Mexican Revolution Essay1129 Words   |  5 PagesMexican Independence After the people of Mexico freed themselves from Spanish control, they faced difficulties trying to officially establish themselves as a country. Despite their independence, Mexico had to also live with the aftermath of Spanish colonialism. Part of the aftermath included socio-political issues amongst the Mexican people. In an effort to establish themselves as a nation, they first had to free themselves from a Spanish ideology, for Mexico truly was not free after their independenceRead MoreAnalyzing Mexico And United States:. History, Political1432 Words   |  6 Pages Analyzing Mexico and United States: History, Political Culture and Corruption Jeniffer Quintero Political Science 2 My 16, 2017 Abstract: Analyzing Mexico and United States: History, Political Culture and Corruption In 1917, the government of the United Mexican States became a Presidential Federal republic through its Mexican Constitution(Mexican Constitution, 2010). Like all other countries’ constitutions there has been changes that have been made over time. SomewhereRead MoreMexico : A Unique Country1750 Words   |  7 PagesMexico is a very unique country that has a broad history. With it being an election year many have come to notice Mexico’s presence and what problems it may bring, however it is vital to take into account what brought Mexico in the state that it is in now. Mexico has much work to do in order for it to become a successful country, but with understanding the history, economic and social position it holds, it will bring possible solutions that it can take to become the successful state that it aimsRead MoreMexico s Current Political System1256 Words   |  6 PagesMexico’s official name is the United Mexican states. Mexico’s current political sy stem derives from the Constitution of 1917, which arose from the Mexican Revolution. The Constitution captures the ideals of the Revolution and reflects three centuries of Spanish colonial rule. The Constitution protects the rights of workers, peasants, and organizations. It guarantees the right to have an eight-hour workday, rights for women and children workers, and rights for minimum wage being sufficient enoughRead MorePorfirio Diaz s Impact On The Country s Material Prosperity And Pulled Mexico Out Of It s Declining State1733 Words   |  7 Pagescontributions towards his country’s material prosperity and pulled Mexico out of it’s declining state. Porfirio Dà ­az is often remembered as a period of social degradation and oppression of freedoms in Mexico. His 35-year dictatorship brought about an immense amount of hardship for the lower classes and an unfair system of wealth distribution. The image of Porfirio Dà ­az as a ruthless tyrant is one almost everyone ha s of him post-revolutionary Mexico. 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Most of the Mexican population is considered catholic as a result of hundreds of years of the Catholic influence. Religious and the church led to many confrontations in Mexican history, such as the Mexican revolution where the main flag wasRead MoreMexican Revolution: Diaz ´s Administration and Beyond Essay1613 Words   |  7 PagesMexico had a long way to be stabilized from Diaz’s administration to the constitution of the 1917. The Porfiriato era was able to stabilize Mexico had problems despite of the growing economy led a major uprising. After factions argued what’s best for Mexico led a list of compromise constitution that is the constitution of 1917 which they have debated each other. Porfirio Diaz led a coup against President Manuel Gonzalez whom was to pick up and leave in 1876. The Diaz system allows him using theRead MorePositive And Negative Impact Of Mexico1299 Words   |  6 PagesWhen people think of Mexico, they may think of south-of-the-border resorts, margaritas from local restaurants, or mariachi bands. Drug cartels, human trafficking, or stereotypical comments made by influential Americans may also come to mind. A country which has fought and earned its rights to economy, religion, and democracy may not even be considered when the United Mexican States is thought of. Although much work remains to be done, todays Mexico is home to a government democracy, strong religious

Differences Between Troy Movie and Iliad Free Essays

The differences between the movie â€Å"Troy† and the poem â€Å"Iliad† and the explanation of why they occurred? The film Troy which is directed by Wolfgang Peterson has been deeply influenced by the epic poem, the Iliad. This work is generally credited to the Ancient Greek poet named Homer. Both the film and the poem have the same ending plots, such as the blockade of Troy by the Greeks, the disagreement between the warrior Achilles and the king Agamemnon and these actions started when the prince of Troy Paris who took the wife king Menelaus of Sparta with him. We will write a custom essay sample on Differences Between Troy Movie and Iliad or any similar topic only for you Order Now However there are many main differences related to these plots. These differences include some very major characters dying in the Iliad and surviving in the film troy, the time of the death of characters, and the relationships between the characters. Some of the major differences between the film and the poem are:   1. In the Iliad the war took 10 years in the film Troy it only took 17 days. 2. In the Iliad, Patroclus was not the cousin of Achilles, only a friend. 3. There is no mention of the horse in the Iliad. 4. In the poem, Paris is killed, Hector’s baby is killed, and Hector’s wife is the slave of Greek however in the film Troy they escape safely. 5. Agamemnon was killed by his wife, â€Å"Clytemnestra† in the Greece after the war, not by Briseis who kills him in the film. 6. Hector was too scared of Achilles to fight him and he ran away around the walls of troy 3 times. 7. In the movie Agamemnon brought the kings together for this war, which is not true in the Iliad. . In the movie, Briseis is a member of Priam’s family but in the poem, she was simply a slave girl. 9. The movie tells that Achilles is so arrogant that he does not respect Apollo and the Iliad tells that Achilles respects the gods and goddesses. 10. The movie hasn’t shown any close relationships between the Greeks and Trojans and their gods and goddesses. The Iliad demonstrates the close interactions between the gods and goddesses and their followers. The reason of these differences in the film Troy and the Iliad are to convenience of the director and for entertainment. If the film remained same as the poem â€Å"Iliad† then the movie would have received more limited ratings and decrease the amount of the audience. They would earn less money for the publishing company. Director attempted to make the film more likable by making the film a more feel good by letting Paris, Hector’s wife, Hector’s baby, Helen and Briseis escape with citizens of Troy which created an environment of hopes. The film would have appeal to lower amount of people, if Paris, Hector’s wife and baby had been killed. Many people would have feel frustrated by watching everyone dying that’s why the director did not remain true to the Iliad but in the Iliad there is really no hope left for Troy. There is no other reason for these differences except from money and as all the major and small differences are observed, it becomes very obvious that the film was moulded to a modern day audience with modern day expectations of the film. How to cite Differences Between Troy Movie and Iliad, Essay examples

Correlation of Using Computer-Aided Instruction in C# Programming Language free essay sample

Introduction The environment in which students learn, the ways in which people work and live are constantly being transformed by existing and emerging technologies. Educational expansion and constraint over the last decade form the backdrop of any examination of the role of technology. One of these educational expansions is the computer-aided instrument or sometimes abbreviated as CAI which refers to a computer or computer system. It is also known as â€Å"computer assisted instruction† which pertains to a diverse and rapidly expanding spectrum of computer technologies that assist the teaching and learning process. (http://encartamsn. com/) Computer aided instruction can be used effectively to address academic and communication/language skills. It can dramatically increase student’s access to information. The program can adapt to the abilities and preferences of the individual student and increase the amount of personalized instruction a student receives. Many students benefit from the immediate responsiveness of computer interactions and appreciate the self-paced and private learning environment. Moreover, computer-learning experience often engages the interest of students, motivating them to learn and increasing independence and personal responsibility for education. (http://www. ima. umn. edu/~arnold/papers/cai. pdf) Being well-informed and active participant in our society, the students need to be self-directed learners, able to identify issues, pose questions, synthesize ideas, determine solutions to problems and develop capabilities and confidence within a range of technologies. (www. curriculum. educ. nsw. au) Computer-aided instrument is case which either instruction is presented through a computer program to a passive student or the computer is the platform for an interactive and personalized learning environment. One topic which can be discussed through CAI is the C# Programming language, which is very essential to the first, second and third year Computer Education student in the College of Industrial Education. Statement of the Problem This study aims to determine the correlation of the computer-aided instruction in teaching C# programming language to the first, second and third year students of Computer Education students of the College of Industrial Education. More especially, this research seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of: a. Course, Year and Section b. Age c. Sex d. Grades on Computer Laboratory course of the previous semester 2. How effective is the relationship of using CAI in teaching C# in terms of: a. teachers’ attitude a. 1Teaching Style b. respondents’ attitude b. 1Interest towards CAI 3. How do the Computer Education students perceive in the following school-related factors: 3. 1Facilities; 3. 2availability of equipment 3. 2. 1 Laptops/Computer set 3. 2. 2 Digital Laser Projector (DLP) 3. 2. 3 Smart TV 4. Do the students, teachers and school factors significantly affect the correlation of using CAI in C# programming language? Significance of the Study Primarily, this research aims to benefit the following: Students C# in computer-aided instruction provides one to one indication with them, as well as instantaneous response to their answers elicited. It also allows students to proceed at their own pace. Educators/Teachers It is critical in assisting the teachers to see more fruitful ways in teaching. It also allows the teachers to measure progress in an environment that is often more structured that the typical classroom, limiting stress and allowing the focus of non-technical elements of pedagogy. Parents It allows the parents to facilitate on their child’s learning development and monitor them. Faculty/School Administration It will permit the school administration to acquire the fastest way of preparing interactional materials for the delivery of student services if it is computerized and facilitated accurately. It will also enhance the institution’s quality education and teaching. CHAPTER 2 Review on Related Literature This chapter presents the review of related literature, both foreign and local studies, which are found to have bearing on the present study. Computer-Aided Instruction Computer-aided instruction (CAI), commonly known as â€Å"computer-assisted instruction† is one of the instructional media we could use in discussing different lessons. CAI brings with it several potential benefits as a teaching/learning medium. These include self-paced learning, self-directed learning, the exercising of various senses and the ability to represent content in a variety of media. As these topics will be explored in greater detail throughout this document, only a brief overview will be given here. Although CAI has not been studied in the EL community situation, many of the benefits in the general CAI context should also be available in the EL one. With self-paced learning, learners can move as slowly or as quickly as they like through a program. If they want to repeat some task or review some material again, they can do so as many times as they choose. The program will not tire or complain about repetitions. Learners can skip over a topic if information is already known, making the learning process more efficient. With self-directed learning, learners can decide what they want to learn and in what order. A key question is why CAI may be more effective than traditional classroom teaching, on average. Some classroom research suggests computers can offer highly individualized instruction and allow students to learn at their own pace (e. g. Lepper and Gurtner 1989, Means Other forms of self-paced instruction may offer a similar educational advantage. However, a very small, older, literature suggests that computerized self-paced instruction is more effective than other self-paced instruction. See, e. g. , Enochs, Handley, and Wollenberg (1986) and Surber et al (1977) for randomized studies involving college-age students and Olson 1995, Sandholz et al 1997, Heath and Ravits 2001). While we do not have a direct test, we hypothesize that if CAI allows for more individualized instruction, then it may be more beneficial for struggling students who cannot keep up with the pace of the lectures in traditional classrooms or for more advanced students who could progress faster at their own pace. Further, we might expect CAI to be more effective for students with poorer rates of attendance. In a traditional classroom, students missing class will miss all of the material covered in class that day. In contrast, the computer always picks up where the student left off the last time she was in class regardless of whether it was the day before or 5 days before. Similarly, in classes in which many students have poor attendance records or in larger classes, we might expect a bigger effect of CAI as teachers would struggle to find the appropriate level at which to pitch lectures. Finally, one might think that individualized instruction provided by CAI avoids some of the disruption effects of having peers with poor attendance rates or being in larger classes as modeled by Lazear (2001). Recent increases in computing power of affordable personal computers have resulted in an increase in the development and use of various forms of computer-delivered instruction. Understanding the effects of this instruction on learning is important to any future implementations of computers for instruction. This review of the literature on the effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) is an attempt to show that CAI can be an effective mode of instruction in the education environment. It is also intended to address three major issues within the body of research on the efficacy of CAI: (a) an aging body of literature; (b) the greater effectiveness of using CAI as a supplement to conventional instruction; and (c) the alleged superiority of CAI over conventional instruction. The authors conclude that, due to potential shortcomings in some past research comparing CAI to conventional instruction, CAI should be considered to be at least as effective as conventional instruction. Next, they conclude that new studies are needed to clarify the effects of CAI in contemporary student/computer environments. Finally, they conclude that how CAI is delivered can impact its effectiveness. The teaching of fundamental programming skills is a field that extensively uses different kinds of tools to enhance learning experience. Within the realms of tools that are aimed for realistic, or â€Å"industrial† programming experience, these tools usually focus on either helping with the source code development process, like debuggers or editors, or ease the learning of different concepts and structures with visualization and supporting content. Students often lose interest on programming because complex models and structures have to be learned before anything visually impressive can be created. The students can memorize the constructs, but the motivation for doing this may be wrong: technologically oriented programming – data manipulation – is not interesting and does not promote learning because simple command line outputs are not exiting (Guzdial and Soloway 2002). Just like many other courses (Rich et al. 2006, Reges 2006, and Hermann et al. 2003), our introductory course on programming suffered from high drop-out rates and falling student grades (Kasurinen and Nikula, 2007a). In our case, dropping the course was a problem because it had a negative effect on the studies as a whole: if the course was failed, it prevented participation in the advanced courses the second year, and delayed the studies in general. Student- Related Factors Age Bean and Metzner, A Conceptual Model. In their review of the literature, age was one of the most common independent variables in studies of attrition. Whisnant (1990) the literature and current research concerning student age provides educational institutions with information about achievement differences among traditional and nontraditional groups. This information provides higher education an underused educational tool to assist with the development of its traditional students. As education increases the dimensions of its mission, the nontraditional student is an overlooked, often untapped, resource. Boshier (1975) define nontraditional students are as those adult college students over 25 years of age. Traditional college students are those college students between the ages of 18 and 22. Grade point average (GPA), on a 4. 00 point scale, is used as the measure of academic performance. There is no typical mature student. Defined as any student aged 21 or over at the start of their studies, around two fifths are aged between 21 and 24, a fifth between 25 and 29, and a further two fifths are over 30 when they commence their courses. They study for many different reasons – for example: for career or personal development, to pursue an interest to find a new direction. http://www. ucas. com/ Amid the flurry of Freshers Fairs, goody bags and loyalty cards aimed at 18- and 19-year-old first year students, its sometimes easy to overlook the fact that the student body is considerably more age-diverse than you might think. This is the official journal of the American Aging Association; they stated that age is an international, peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles describing research in the biology of aging and research on biomedical applications that impact aging. The range of coverage includes evolutionary biology, biophysics, genetics, genomics, proteomics, molecular biology, cell biology, biochemistry, endocrinology, immunology, physiology, pharmacology, neuroscience, and psychology. In addition, the journal presents commentaries, debates, and meeting reports. http://www. americanaging. org/ Attitude Gagne (1985) defined attitude as what influences the learner’s response to situation and choice of action. According to him, it is a mental state that affects performance rather than a specific performance unlike the other learned capabilities. Psychologists define attitudes as a learned tendency to evaluate things in a certain way. This can include evaluations of people, issues, objects or events. Such evaluations are often positive or negative, but they can also be uncertain at times. For example, you might have mixed feelings about a particular person or issue. http://psychology. about. com/ P. M. Symonds, in the paper referred to, mentions seven ways in which the term attitude is used, great organic drives (motives), muscular set, generalized conduct, neural set or readiness to adjust, emotional concomitant of action, feeling concomitant of action, accepting or rejecting verbal responses. He ends by deploring the use of the term, saying that we should use habits or skills. But in at least one article he joins the group who use accepting and rejecting verbal responses as evidence of attitudes. An attitude describes a set of beliefs or views held about something and are defined in consumer psychology as an enduring inclination or tendency to respond to a brand or product in a specific way. http://www. aqr. org. uk/ Chan states that students express very high levels of interest in their courses; few are bored. Responses to items designed to measure intellectual orientation and satisfaction are high, but a high number also agree that they would prefer to study ‘only’ topics which they believe to be relevant to their future careers, suggesting preference for ‘just in time’ rather than ‘just in case’ learning. Around 45% agree that their usual working pattern involves doing ‘the minimum amount of work which is required of me’, but almost 40% reject this ‘strategic’ position. Sex Even though research shows that females and males differ in the ways they view technology, some scholars (e. g. AAUW Educational Foundation, 2000; Starr, 2000) question the assumption that females are less likely than males to be interested in technology. In the mid-1980? s, there was a movement that began doubting the notion that females were less likely to be drawn to computer careers than males (Christie, 1996). Even though statistics show that there are fewer females in computer laboratories and computer-related professions, Turkle (as cited in Starr) asserted that girls are not fearful of technology; they are simply uninspired and alienated by the way the K-12 education system presents computing to them. The AAUW Educational Foundation interprets the females, behavior not as a phobia, but rather as a choice. Andersen explores the potentially damaging effects of gender bias in student evaluations of teaching, specifically with regard to student expectations. Reviews a number of laboratory and real life studies and summarizes their conclusions. Notes the different and conflicting expectations of students and recommends a broader approach to teacher evaluations. Bachen 1999 finds that female students rated female faculty especially high across five teaching dimensions and male faculty comparatively lower, whereas male students did not evaluate male and female professors as significantly different. Finds that assessments of faculty were further influenced by the strength of students gender schema and that gender schema may also lead to differential preference for particular teaching styles. Basow 1995 argues that using quantitative approach, the overall effect of gender on student evaluations is small, accounting for about 3% of variance. However, there may be significant interaction effects between gender and other context variables that may cumulatively disadvantage female faculty. Bennette 1982 surveys of 253 students in nonscience introductory courses at a liberal arts college. Bennett finds that students do not have different standards of reference for male and female instructors, but women are perceived to be less authoritarian and more charismatic. Female instructors in departments with fewer than 20% ft women were rated even higher on these standards. She finds that ratings that are consequential for performance ratings of men have an equal impact on women except for the following, which have more effect for women: (1) professionalism (seen by students as a highly structured instructional approach), instructional presentation (specifically, being compelling and self-assured and presenting a balanced interpretation of viewpoints), and (3) accessibility. Brooks 1982 Male graduate students exhibited significantly more aggressiveness (interruptive behavior) than female students in both male and female professors classes, although more male aggressiveness occurred in female professors classes. Male students were more verbally assertive in female professors classes only. Among students, aggressiveness was predominantly cross-sex, rather than same-sex. Computer Background Issues of equity in the use of teaching resources are a critical issue in school policymaking. Equity, though, involves more than simply access; it involves using resources appropriately to improve student outcomes. Using resources appropriately, in turn, depends on how defensible a teachers philosophy of teaching and learning is. Philosophical disagreements about equity and teaching practice usually revolve around the issue of whether students from low-socioeconomic backgrounds and students who present relatively unsuccessful school histories can be given the same kinds of demanding tasks and depended upon to act as responsibly as more advantaged and more academically successful students. In the absence of beliefs that poorer and less successful students can be given challenging tasks and a high degree of independence, teachers are apt to use computers with lower performing classes as a means of practicing lower-level skills and as a means of social control. http://www. crito. uci. edu/ The advantages of providing children with access to computers have been heavily debated. In August last year, business body IBEC called for the Government to provide second level school children with laptops, saying that they could be an important education enabler. However, this thinking clashes with a 2004 report from the IFO, an economic research unit at the University of Munich, which claimed that students education levels have little to do with computers in schools and more to do with effective school management. http://www. theregister. co. uk/ Gunawardena 1997 although the course was pertinent to computers and technologies, this study found that students who had low technology backgrounds achieved higher quality of online discussions than students who had high technology backgrounds. Students who had low technology backgrounds appeared to be much more active in online discussions and have more interests in this course. They tended to post more and longer postings in both homogeneous and heterogeneous groups. They were also willing to share their concerns or questions with each other and tried to help answer questions posted by other students. Although students who had high technology background did not achieve higher LKC, they had better performances when they discussed in heterogeneous group with students who had low technology backgrounds. They might be motivated by high quality of postings and active discussion attitudes presented by other group members. These findings show that students’ interests and motivation are very important for quality of learning. In the meanwhile, interaction plays a vital role to help students who have low learning interests and motivation improve their learning performances in online discussions. Another interesting finding of this study is that there were no significant differences of discussion satisfaction among different types of interactions, although students who had low technology backgrounds had better performances in online discussions. Since there were 15 items with five-level Likert scale in this survey, the total survey score was 75. The lowest mean score of discussion satisfaction was 46. 10 for type two interaction. Therefore, students in all types of interactions showed high evaluation of their experiences of online discussions. It seems that students’ perceptions of online discussions cannot be predicted by their performances in online discussions. Most students, no matter what levels of technology backgrounds and types of discussion interactions they have, thought that they benefited from active participation in online discussion and put a lot of thoughts into their messages. Teachers Related Factors Sex A double-blind experiment to evaluate the effect of facial attractiveness on teacher judgments was performed. Given identical information, teachers systematically rated attractive children more favorably than unattractive children. In the case of unattractive children, teachers were more willing to recommend special-class placement and held lower expectations for future academic and social development. http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/ Based on sociolinguistic research (Labov 1991:206-7) we may accept the hypotheses that considers female students better at learning than male students and more open to new linguistic forms (Ellis 1994:202). Several studies have given evidence of this fact. In Burstalls longitudinal research (1975) female students did better than male students (she based her conclusions on 6000 children beginning French at 8 in English primary schools). She reports that girls scored significantly higher than boys on all tests. Other studies have obtained similar conclusions (Boyle 1987, Nyikos 1990). There are also studies that have not found substantial differences. So it would be interesting that each teacher explores what happens in his/her class. Age Adult learners are at an advantage compared with that of younger learners in formal learning of grammar in instructional settings (Long, 1979). However, in the case of pronunciation, younger learners outperform adult learners. The superiority of adult learners was reiterated by the results of a research study, which concluded that adult learners have an initial advantage where rate of learning is concerned, particularly grammar and morphology (Ellis, 1994) According to Weiner M. (First five year plan 1955-60) teaching is not recognized as a profession as it is in other parts of the world. Teachers do not fully understand the distastes of their profession and have a low opinion of it. Teacher’s work falls into three broad categories intellectual work, emotional work and work organization when we keep all these areas in mind the teacher should be responsive in classroom and school environment which is not possible if the teacher is poorly paid, socially distressed, psychologically distributed, under the pressure of society, parents family and high authorities. Studies (i. e. , Cohen, 2001) have indicated that the use of technology has an effect on all aspects of teaching and learning. When educators integrated technology into the lesson, it required new learning approaches to the curriculum because of the ability to look at and explore information in new ways. Moreover, some studies have emphasized that technology can help by allowing learners to take a more active role in their learning through different instructional modes or methods (Kussmaul and Dunn, 1996). Dewar and Whittington (2000) commented that the new technologies provide opportunities for creating learning environments that enhance learner learning and achievement. However, inappropriate uses of technology can become ineffective learning. Thus it is important to understand what technology is and how to use it and, most importantly, is comfortable using it (Smolin and Lawless, 2003). Teachers Attitude Odubunmi and Balogun, (1985) have identified teachers’ personality and attitude towards their teaching subjects as factors contributing to poor performance in science subjects. Simpsom and Troost (1982) found out that attitude is another factor that determines achievement and enrolment of students in science subjects. Attitudes as defined by smith (1998) as a relatively enduring predisposition to respond in a relatively consistent manner towards a person, object situation or idea. Adesoji (2002) defined attitude as cognitive, emotional, and action tendency to a particular behavioural intent. He ascertained that that attitude is an important factor that determined achievement of students in sciences. Teaching Style The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), introduced by Davis (1989), is an adaptation of social psychology theory of reasoned action, specifically tailored for modelling user acceptance of information systems. The TAM, as shown in Figure 1, considers perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use as major determinants of intention to use a technology. The former refers to the extent to which a person believes that using the system will enhance task performance, while the latter refers to the degree to which the user expects the target system to be free of effort. The TAM explains user behaviour across a broad range of end-user computing technologies (e. g. , text editor, spreadsheet, e-mail) and user population (e. g. , students, software professionals, physicians). The predictive power of TAM varies according to the cultural context. Its power of prediction is higher in the West (45–70%) than the East (10–35%). Perceived usefulness emerges as important across all the cultures studied, whereas subjective norm is more important for the East than the West (Rose Straub 1998; Straub 1994). Subjective norm has been of particular interest in Asian and African research, and cultural factors are highlighted to explain its relevance in determining behavioral intention to use computers (Dinev et. al. 2004; Mao Palvia 2001). So far there has been no research on the influence of teaching style on acceptance of e-learning by faculty. Grasha (1996) identified five teaching styles that represented typical orientations and strategies college faculty use expert (displays detailed knowledge), formal authority (establishes learning goals, and rules of conduct), personal model (shows how to do things), facilitator (encourages students to make informed choices) and delegator (makes students work independently on projects or as teams). Recent investigations [(Kwok Jones 1985), (Carver et al. , 1999), (Gilbert Han 1999), (Grigoriadou, Papanikolaou Kornilakis 2001), (Stash De Bra 2004), (Hong Kinshuk 2004)], try to integrate the learning styles and e-media in the design of their applications. This is not an easy process, however. One of the main difficulties on the designing of hypermedia systems, is linking the learning styles with the hypermedia applications. Most of the teaching systems adaptation that integrates learning styles is based on the premise that adapting the teaching strategies with the students’ learning styles will give better results (Dagger, Wade Conlan 2003), (Paredes Rodriguez 2002), (Stern Woolf 2000), (Triantafillou, Pomportsis Georgia 2002). Table 1 shows some of the systems found, their learning styles and the type of adaptation. School Related Factors Facilities The absence of adequate help or technical support to facilitate teachers’ technology mediated teaching is another factor which may hinder teachers’ teaching. Granger et al. (2002), based on the findings of their study about factors contributing to teachers’ success in implementing the technology mediated teaching, revealed that many teachers, when having some difficulties with the technology equipment being used, had to give up using it(obsession)because there was no one available to help deal with the problems. According to the teachers, the institution did not have adequate numbers of technical staff who were prepared to support teachers in technology mediated teaching. Pelgrum (2001), in his study investigating teachers’ obstacles in using technology, also identified that the lack of technical staff was considered by teachers as one of the main obstacles in their successful use of technology based pedagogy. Becker (1999) identified some factors like lack of knowledge, manpower skills, technical support and incentives. Lack of knowledge and Manpower skills, despite their active use of technology into pedagogy, most teachers still feel that they lack adequate knowledge and skills for optimally integrating the facility into teaching. Lack of technical support, the shortage of technical staff in any college is a serious problem that needs to be dealt with quickly by the institution’s authority, ‘technical staff should be available before, during and after the class sessions’. Any unsolved technical matters ‘can be disasters for technology integration program in any institution’. Lack of incentives, if there is no additional incentive provided by the institution for the innovations, it will create a barrier in the willingness of the teachers to integrate Technology into teaching . Several factors affect teachers use of technology in the classrooms including access to technologies, time, training, and administrative support (Laffey Musser, 1998;Myrhe, 1998; Niedhauser Stoddart, 1994; U. S. Congress, Office of Technology. Assessment, 1995) According to McKenzie (1999), only 20% of teachers report feeling verywell (enthusiasm) prepared to integrate educational technology into classroom instruction. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The research framework was conceptualized from the reviewed literature and students, both foreign and local. The researchers used these reviews for the comprehensive understanding and knowledge about this study as well as reinforcing the rationale of the research. The general approach to the problem and some of the concepts and treatment presented in this study were influenced by the earlier studies and literature reviewed. More significantly, the correlation of C# programming by the aid of CAI was the concept of integrating technology. Research Paradigm z Figure 1 The research paradigm shows the relationships of the independent and dependent variables to C# programming language using CAI Research Hypothesis This study attempted to test the following hypothesis. 1. The effectiveness of the correlation using CAI in C# programming Language. 2. There is significance in using CAI to C# programming language. Definition of Terms Age- This refers to the number of years from the time the respondent was born up to the time this study was conducted. Computer-aided instruction – CAI is machine augmented instruction that differs from programmed instruction or simple page turning Correlation – A statistical relation between two or more variables such that systematic changes in the value of one variable are accompanied by systematic changes in the other Programming – Creating a sequence of instructions to enable the computer to do something Sex – It is defined by the physical characteristics that differentiate one sex from the other and basis of his/her reproductive roles. In this study it refers to male or female. (QUESTIONNAIRE) Technological University of the Philippines College of Industrial Education Professional Industrial Education Department DIRECTION: Completion of the survey is voluntary, and all responses will be kept confidential. Please answer each item as honestly as possible. Return this questionnaire to the researchers when you are finished. PART I. Demographic Profile A. Course, Year and Section: __________________________________ B. Age: ______C. Sex: ____ Female _____ Male D. Grades on previous Computer Laboratory course: _____________ PART II. Student-Related Factors Direction: Kindly provide the necessary information by supplying the appropriate answer by checking the number that corresponds to your answer. Be guided by the following code: 5 – Strongly Agree 4 – Agree 3 – Either agree or disagree 2 – Disagree 1 – Strongly disagree Interest towards Computer-aided design on C# programming Item Indicators 5 4 3 2 1 1. I attend classes and participate actively. 2. I follow safety precautions in setting up the equipment to be used in CAI. 3. I employ creativity in making presentations using CAI. 4. I felt confident interacting with my classmates in reporting through CAI. 5 . I use available resources to comply with all the subject requirements. Direction: Kindly provide the necessary information by supplying the appropriate answer by checking the number that corresponds to your

Contingency Theory of Leadership

Question: Discuss about the Contingency Theory of Leadership. Answer: Introduction: Management is crucial factor in attaining organizational success. Over the years, a number of theories have been enveloped for identifying the best possible approaches of management. However, all of them were successful in addressing certain aspects of management and leadership. A conclusive approach to deal with all kind of managerial threats is yet to be developed. Hence, identifying the best possible strategy of management is a matter of discussion of the scholars since a long time. Where the traditional approaches supported certain structured ways of managing people in an organization, the relatively modern approaches advocates flexibility and change in the management procedure according to the situational demands. Here, in this essay, the author has presented an argument by focusing on both the supporting and opposing opinions for the claim that there is only one best way to manage. He/she has concluded the essay with the summery of both the arguments and with his/her idea shape d from the discussion. Discussion in favour of the comment: As discussed by Mondy and Martocchio (2016) the practice of management includes leading people for optimum utilization of the resources. Hence, a number of strategies have been developed for obtaining the best possible solution in this regard. Over the years, a number of theories have been emerged to identify the best way of managing the people and organizations. As mentioned by Bratton and Gold (2012) one of the most popular theory of management is the Bureaucratic management. The complexity of the modern organizations demands a hierarchy of authority, task specification and formal structure. The Bureaucratic management provides all these facilities to the organizations and helps in managing it in an efficient way (Mondy and Martocchio 2016). Most of the modern organizations like Walmart follow this particular management and they are becoming significantly successful in the operational and organizational processes. Hence, Ozmen (2013) supports and argues in favour of this management process as the best management means. On the other hand, as mentioned by Gavetti et al. (2012) the Behavioural theory of management states that the way of managing people and utilizing their best potential is to providing them psychological stimulus of being singled out, involved and made to feel important. The modern companies like Google or the Virgin group has included this management style by opting for an employee-oriented policy that has made them one of the best service providers in their related field. Hence, Westphal and Zajac (2013) have supported this particular management style as the best way to managing people. Thus, various scholars have supported the idea that opting for a certain specific strategy can be the best potential solution for the management challenges. Discussion opposing the comment: However, as argued by Fiedler (2015) in the modern world of uncertainty, no particular management model can be identified as the best management way. They have stated that an organization which is not flexible enough to introduce changes in the management according to the situation and the behavioural aspects of the employees. As per the situational leadership or the situational management theory suggested by Kenneth Blanchard and Paul Hersey, the manager of an organization needs to adjust his style of managing people according to the development pattern and organizational objectives (Bates 2014). Thus, they have advocated the claim that no management procedure can be identified as the best management style. On the other hand, as argued by Fiedler (2015) the contingency model of management, talks about upholding an approach of flexibility and adaptation of variety of ideas and principals, according to the businesss requirements. This theory of management itself supports no fixed method of leading or managing the people. As supported by Mondy and Martocchio (2016) in the modern aspect of management, a manager has to address a cross-cultural context with a number of socio-political and technological changes. Hence, opting for a fixed method of leading only limits the potential of utilizing the resources. Hence, they argue that no one way can be the best way of management. In the practical context, the management style of Steve Jobs in Apple can be identified as the flexible management procedure that changed as per the environmental requirements (Isaacson 2012). Moreover, as discussed previously, the complexity of the modern organizations calls for the bureaucratic management. However, Mondy and Martocchio (2016) argues that this management procedure creates a rule-based environment, which hampers the motivation and productivity of the employees. Hence, with a formal management procedure the modern organizations need to introduce policies suggested by the behavioural theory of management (Bell et al. 2015). As opined by Bratton and Gold (2012) amalgamating two or more strategic management procedure provides a great level of competency to the organization in the context of addressing various internal and external threats. On the other hand, as mentioned by Gavetti et al. (2012) the utilization of the behavioural approach of management can create some organizational issues. As this theory puts concentration over the need satisfaction of the employees, clashes in different needs may occur. Moreover, the idea that need satisfaction is the main m otivation of work can create threat to the health of the employees (Ozmen 2013). Hence, it is important to lay down formal policies, specified job roles and task structure for better management of the employees. Thus, Bratton and Gold (2012) have supported the idea that no management process can be .utilized singularly for making optimum utilization of the resources and the lead people to achieve the organizational goals. Conclusion: Hence, from this above argument it can be identified that there are several supporters of the idea that there are only one best way of management. However, a non-flexible attitude towards management can create a threat to the modern organizations as they are operating in the cross-cultural and a significantly volatile business environment. On the other hand, flexibility in the management pattern and opting for the style best suited to the given situation is more likely to assist the top-executives in successfully address the ever changing threats in the business world. Hence, in this uncertain world, no management procedure can be identified as the best possible model of managing people. References: Bates, C., 2014. A study of situational leadership theory. Journal of Radix International Educational and Research Consortium, 3(11), pp.1-7. Bell, R.L., Kennebrew, D. and Blyden, L., 2015. An Increasing Utility for the Early Management Theories: An Exploratory Study. International Journal of Management and Human Resources, 3(1). Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012. Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Fiedler, F., 2015. Contingency theory of leadership. Organizational Behavior 1: Essential Theories of Motivation and Leadership, p.232. Gavetti, G., Greve, H.R., Levinthal, D.A. and Ocasio, W., 2012. The behavioral theory of the firm: Assessment and prospects. The academy of management annals, 6(1), pp.1-40. Isaacson, W., 2012. The real leadership lessons of Steve Jobs. Harvard business review, 90(4), pp.92-102. Mondy, R. and Martocchio, J.J., 2016. Human resource management. Human Resource Management, Global Edition. Ozmen, D., 2013. Post-Bureaucracy and Post-Bureaucratic Culture in Public Administration. International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, 2(3). Westphal, J.D. and Zajac, E.J., 2013. A behavioral theory of corporate governance: Explicating the mechanisms of socially situated and socially constituted agency. The Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), pp.607-661.

Breezing Up Winslow Homer Essays - Breezing Up, Winslow Homer, Sea

Breezing Up Winslow Homer The 1873 masterpiece Breezing Up, by Winslow Homer located in the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC is an oil on canvas painting that measures 23 3/13 X 38 1/6 in.. The primary subject of this painting is a man with three boys in a small wooden sail boat that is moving along with what appears to be a fairly choppy sea. At the center of this painting is the stern of the sail boat. The oldest of the boys is sitting on the high end of the stern with his knees up and his bare feet planted flat on the deck in order to keep him from slipping down into the water. This image forms a powerful triangle in the center of the painting. The boy?s use of only one hand on the tiller line combined with his relaxed posture suggest that he is very much at ease with his responsibility of steering the boat. His face is only visible in a semi-profile view which exposes his chin, left cheek, and eye socket. These features are well defined against thick layers of puffy clouds which are lingering over the water. Like the others in the boat he is facing away from the setting sun which causes the light to reflect off the back of his long sleeved shirt and hat. Just to the boy?s right is the man in the boat who is presumably the father of the boys. His seated position below the deck allows the viewer only to see his face shoulders, arms, and hands. His red long sleeved shirt is the brightest color in the painting, and his calloused hands show strength as he holds the halyard firm in the cleat with a fully extended arm. Of the four people in the boat he is the only one with a troubled look on his face. According to David Prown this is a very common characteristic in Homer?s work. He says: Although the adults of Homer?s world seem isolated, his children frolic together in a cheerful world of laughter and mutuality. For Homer, growing up seems to imply a loss, a fall from paradise, removal from happy, carefree innocence and high spirits to a serious, lonely existence in which each man is an island unto himself. (Prown 86) This is the perfect description of the expressions of the people in this painting. The children are clearly relaxed and content, but the father has an expression that suggests that he has something weighing heavy on his mind, and that he is receiving only temporary relief as he relaxes on the water with his sons. The other two boys are relaxing up towards the bow of the boat. The older of the two is stretched out across the deck covering the width of the bow with his leather shoes hovering inches over the water. The youngest of the boys is sitting up right on the deck with his feet resting inside the boat and he has a pleasant look of deep thought on his face. Clearly all of these boys are relaxed and content with their surroundings. Numerous fish inside of the boat suggest that this group has had an afternoon of fishing and recreation. They are not dressed for serious fishing, so there is a good chance they are out there strictly for leisure. A building off the bow on the distant shore is barely visible, and combined with the long shadows of the setting sun, it seems that they are heading home. Homers soft blue sky and puffy white clouds take up 2/3 of the canvas, leaving only the bottom third for the water and the horizon. The sky is completely empty except for a lone gull who?s wings are lit up by the sun as is hovers directly in line with what appears to be a tiny illuminated sail of another boat on the very distant horizon. Homer also has an uncommon ability to recreate curves just as they would appear in nature. He uses this ability to capture the shape and form of the rolling waves in the sea, by even more than that he uses it to capture the human experience. The use of the sunlight as it reflects off the cloths of the people in the boat adds to the realistic nature of this painting. The wrinkles of white cotton shirts of the boy?s are accented brilliantly as the sun illuminates and caused shadows on different parts of their arms. The four people in this painting express more with their body language that they do with their facial expressions. Particularly the curve of their backs is evidence of their state of relaxation. In the children there is no evidence of tension in their bodies.

John Haigh essays

John Haigh essays Murder is usually a very gruesome subject. However, it is also a very interesting subject, especially in the case of John Haigh who managed to evade the criminal justice system for many years on end. Although he was a murderer he was also one of the greatest criminal masterminds of all time. Haigh entered this world on the twenty fourth of July 1909. He was born into a religious family and grew up a content child. Everyone who knew him said he would grow up to be a perfect gentleman. However, as Haigh began to grow up he joined a gang of youths and appeared in court on several occasions. Finally, in 1934 he was sent to prison for theft. Being a man of optimism, Haigh viewed prison as a temporary setback, and vowed to gain knowledge during his time there that would be useful to him when his sentence ended. To fulfil his vow, he read many books and in one book came across a particular passage that intrigued him. The Passage was entitled Corpus Delicti and Haigh convinced himself, after reading the passage several times that murder could not be proved without a body. During the long months he spent in prison, he became positively obsessed with murder. Whilst in prison, he worked in the tin factory and obtained sulphuric acid from his workstation. He did this to test his theory on destroying an animal bone structure. Haigh believed that if he could entirely dissolve an animal bone structure there would be no body and therefore he could not be found guilty of murder. His unfortunate volunteers were the mice he caught in his cell. Sadly for five unsuspecting people he found his theory to be correct. When Haigh was released from prison, he had not lost his appetite for murder, quite the contrary. He immediately began demonstrating psychopathic behaviour. He came upon his fist victim by pure luck. He was William McSwan, a childhood friend of Haighs who had the misfortune of meeting Haigh in a ...