The Samarco Dam Collapse

The Samarco Dam Collapse The Biggest Brazilian Environmental Disaster Introduction    When a natural catastrophe happens, it always catches the attention of people around the world. Therefore, this research was the place where information was collected about the greatest environmental disaster that occurred in the history of Brazil, which affected the lives of many Brazilians. This report aims to show the damage caused to the population and the environment, besides the neglect of these large companies with the population Methodology This report is constituted of research and collection of information of news, and informative reports about the biggest environmental disaster in the history of Brazil. The Disaster On November 5, 2015, the greatest environmental disaster occurred in the history of Brazil. This tragedy occurred at the small historic town of Mariana in the interior of the state of Minas Gerais. The Fundà £o dam, which was the responsibility of the mining company Samarco, failed, causing the leakage of approximately 62 million cubic meters of mud from the tailings, a huge tsunami In total 19 people died, hundreds of buildings were destroyed and left families homeless. The largest volume leakage of material dumped by dams of mining rejects of all time, also caused the pollution of the Doce river and environmental damage that extended to the states of Espà ­rito Santo And Bahia. (O Globo,2016) The village that was destroyed by the mine collapse (The Argentina Independent,2016) The mudslide tsunami reached 39 cities in three Brazilian states. As a result of this disaster more than 11 tons of fish were killed. The fauna and flora in the Rio Doce Basin became even more vulnerable. Ecosystem and species already threatened by predatory activities, impacts from industry, agriculture and mining are now at risk of extinction.(O Globo, 2016) The Results Samarco is controlled by Vale and the Australian company BHP Billiton, which accounts for 2% of the world production of pellets (steel balls used in steel production), is also one of the largest exporters in Brazil. (News.com.au, 2016) The Fundà £o dam used the hydraulic landfill system. The preliminary reports showed that the main hypothesis for the accident, according to experts, is that a liquefaction (process has occurred, rather than Ejecting, retaining water), leading to the transformation of the sand into mud and a sudden variation in the internal pressure of the tailings deposit, making it unable to contain the waste. Shortly before the accident, the University of Sà £o Paulos Seismology Center (USP) recorded four small earthquakes. (O Globo, 2016) Almost a year after the disaster, a re-issue was announced with the possible causes of the breach of the reservoir, BHP commercial director Dean Dalla Valle said there is no evidence that anyone had put production ahead of safety or reason to believe that someone from BHP had indicated that the dam was in danger. The purpose is to determine the cause of the failure and not blame, (News.com.au, 2016) said Dalla Valle, denying that BHP or Vale had information about the prospects for a disaster. Youre not hiding any of it its there for all to see. (News.com.au, 2016) In the report, it was found that the rupture of the dam was caused by structural defects that prevented drainage. Despite the results, Samarco denies irregularities. It is clear that despite the results presented the company remains concerned about its own profits rather than being worried about predicting future disasters. According to The Argentina Independent, the 76 pages of the report showed that the dam rupture was caused by problems in the drainage project. Furthermore a small earthquake on the day the dam also could have accelerated the failure, according to the report. Besides that a separate police investigation also accused mining company Samarco of intentional misconduct, claiming the company ignored signs that a dam was at risk of collapse. Samarco has already been fined 250m reals ( £64m) by Ibama (Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources) and 112m reals ( £28m) by Semad (Minas Gerais state governments environment agency). (News.com.au, 2016) Conclusion Even the disaster had occurred in the Rio Doce basin affecting a small part of a country as big as Brazil the disaster is far from over for the people living in those places. Douglas Krenak explains: Those affected continue to suffer, public health is precarious, The social system is precarious, its going down, this tragedy is creating problems now and it will create more in the future( The Argentina Independent, 2016). Although this story is far from over, what is expected to be responsible for the damage to the population and the environment. So that in the future the companies will invest more in the development of new technologies in their works foreseeing a greater security so that disasters like this one never happen again Bibliography The Guardian (2016, October15) Samarco dam collapse: one year on from Brazils worst environmental disaster Retrived February 27,2016, from:https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/oct/15/samarco-dam-collapse-brazil-worst-environmental-disaster-bhp-billiton-vale-mining O Globo(2016, November 11) Maior desastre ambiental do Brasil, Tragà ©dia de Mariana deixou 19 mortos Retrived February 27,2016, from:http://acervo.oglobo.globo.com/em-destaque/maior-desastre-ambiental-do-brasil-tragedia-de-mariana-deixou-19-mortos-20208009 The Argentina Independent(2016, april 7) The Forgotten Tragedy: Revisiting Brazils Worst Ever Retrived February 28,2016, from:http://www.argentinaindependent.com/currentaffairs/analysis/revisiting-brazils-worst-ever-environmental-disaster/ Insurance Journal(2016, august 30) Brazil Mine Disaster Caused by Poor Drainage Design of Tailings Dam: Report Retrived February 28,2016, from:http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/international/2016/08/30/424781.htm News.com.au(2016, september 1) BHP on fatal Brazil dam burst report: Were not hiding any of it Retrived February 29,2016, from:http://www.news.com.au/technology/environment/bhp-on-fatal-brazil-dam-burst-report-were-not-hiding-any-of-it/news-story/562524fb559f21f4180b171da7009098

Jehovah’s Witness Study Notes

Jehovah's Witnesses was first started by Charles Taze Russel in Pittsburgh around 1870. What led Charles Russel to first start the denomination was when he tried to convert an atheist to Christianity and ended up being converted instead, not to atheism but to agnosticism. Important Religious Beliefs Witnesses rely on the authority of the Bible when they live their day to day life. They believe that the bible is a gift from God that tells humans about what God is like, how to cope with problems, and how to please God. Jehovah’s Witnesses affirm full inspiration of the bible by God and the preservation if its copies over the centuries. Jehovah’s Witness have a special translation if the Bible called the New World Translation Witness believe in only one God. They stress the fact that God has revealed his personal name to humanity, which is Jehovah. Jehovah, in the book, has a spirit body and lives in heaven, but sees all things. While Christians believe that Jesus was â€Å"fully God, fully man†, Witnesses teach that Jesus was not God, but God’s first official creation. Jehovah’s Witnesses believe that that they: Teach the truth about God, provide a model of a perfect life for people to follow, and he sacrificed his life to set humans free from sin and that his crucifixion was not on a cross but a upright stake. Customs and Practices Jehovah’s Witnesses baptize those of age who have made a decision to join the faith. Baptism is done by full entrance in water. After one is Baptized they are to include regular attendance at Kingdom Hall meetings and evangelism. Witnessing and Evangelism is the most know to other religions, it is done door-to-door. Witnesses who are employed full time (and are known as Kingdom publishers) devote 100 hours each month to witnessing. Paid employees of the Watchtower Society who are expected to spend about 150 hours per month on evangelism. Jehovah’s Witnesses hold religions services in buildings called Kingdom Halls (could be rented). There are no crosses displayed inside or outside the Kingdom Hall. Holy Books Jehovah’s Witness have a special translation if the Bible called the New World Translation. The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, there are six volumes between 1950 and 1960. Membership Today Since 1995 the Watchtower society have quickly become less encouraging. Similarities and Differences Both religions believe in only one God and both live lives that are guided by a book, the bible. Differences include that Witnesses must advertise their practice and attend meetings 3 times a weeks, while Catholics are free to live the lives they feel are best suited for them.

Science Report on Spinosaurs

DATE: January 24, 2013 NAME: Carl Kallies SCIENCE REPORT: Dinosaurs – Spinosaurus The Spinosaurus is my favorite of all the dinosaurs. It was made famous in the movie Jurassic Park 3, one of my favorite movies. Scientists estimate Spinosaurus to be 40 to 56 feet or 12 to 17 meters from head to tail. Spinosaurus’ body looks a lot like that of T-Rex, but there are a couple of obvious differences. Of course, T-Rex didn’t carry that large sail-like fins made of 6-foot spines.And the front arms of the Spinosaurus are heavier and longer than T-Rex’s arms. Some scientists think this means that Spinosaurus used them for walking, while others say these strong front arms could really get a grip on dinner. The head of Spinosaurus was longer, more narrow, and not as heavily built as that of T-Rex. Whoever named this beast wasn’t having the most creative day. Spinosaurus means â€Å"spiny lizard. † There were large spines extending from the vertebrae alon g its back.And when I say large, I mean they could grow up to 6 feet long! Most researchers believe that the spines were covered with a membrane of skin that filled in the spaces between the spines, sort of the way webbing fills in the spaces between the â€Å"toes† of a duck This made a sail-like fin that could have helped control body heat. Some researchers think that the sail could have been extended or collapsed at least to some extent. Perhaps then the sail could be used to get some other dino’s attention.Spinosaurus was discovered in 1912 by a German paleontologist. Ernst Stromer found the first and most complete specimen in Egypt. Sadly, this specimen was destroyed during the bombing of Munich in WWII. No Spinosaurus since Stromer’s first find have been as complete. The long narrow snout of Spinosaurus contained jaws full of sharply pointed teeth. Unlike the steak knife serrations of T-rex teeth, Spinosaurus teeth were smooth and round.Because of the rese mblance to the bite of crocodiles, where the upper teeth of the Spinosaurus interlock with the lower teeth, scientists think Spinosaurus might have had a diet consisting primarily of fish. To add weight to the fish diet theory, acid etched Fish scales have been found in Spinosaurus stomachs. While their bodies are well-adapted for meat, their particular variety may have been of the swimming type. I think that the Spinosaurus is one of the best dinosaurs ever discovered.

Psychology and Impact Personality Development - 1997 Words

1. Define personality. 2. Analyze how biological, situational and mental processes impact personality development. 3. Discuss social and cultural contributions to personality development. 4. Describe the major dispositional theories of personality. 5. Describe the major process theories of personality. 6. Evaluate the major personality theories. 7. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of commonly used personality assessment techniques, validity, reliability. Define personality. Personality * Is a unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel and behave * Is shaped by biological, situational, and mental processes in a sociocultural and development context * Impacts people’s cognition, motivation and†¦show more content†¦one would play with an outgoing child more than an inhibited one pushes inhibited child towards shyness * E.g. observational learning Traits * Emerge from temperaments and influenced by experiences * Guides thoughts and actions under various conditions * Relatively stable * BIG 5 Traits * Openness to experience, Conscientious, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism * Has validity across cultures (but most of these studies utilized university students as respondents who are more influenced by European-American views * Quite accurate * Labels a person but gives no explanation on why Evaluation of Trait Theories X Portrayed personality as fixed and static rather than a process that can undergo development changes depending on experiences X oversimplified our complex nature X Do not tell muchShow MoreRelatedPsychology and Impact Personality Development2008 Words   |  9 PagesDefine personality. 2. 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Why do Women Remain in Abusive Relationships - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 779 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/04/07 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Domestic Violence Essay Did you like this example? Have you ever wondered why some women choose to remain in an abusive relationship with their so called loved one? A domestic violence victim is someone who may endure being physically battered, called names, isolated from the world, and being financially manipulated. These are just some of the many forms of abuse that women who stay in abusive relationships deal with on a daily basis. Other than being physically harmed, women who are victim to domestic violence can also experience a great amount of psychological abuse. Psychological abuse is defined as.. ( ). Fear is one of the main reasons women stay in abusive relationships. Women may fear for their lives if their abuser gets physically abusive with them. Women my also fear what their lives will be like after they leave the relationship and believe that it could even turn out worse than what they are currently involved in. This is because many women may financially depend on their abuser and worry about not being able to support themselves on their own. Fear of going against ones religion by choosing to violate the terms of a marriage can be another reason in some relationships. Women with children may fear her child not growing up without a dad even though the child may be better off without the abusive dad. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Why do Women Remain in Abusive Relationships?" essay for you Create order Victim blaming could be another reason for women choosing to stay with her abuser. The victim could be being blamed by her abuser that she is the reason for everything that is going wrong in their relationship. This gives the abuser a sense of justification for his wrongful actions. This puts extraordinary amounts of pressure and guilt on the victim. Blaming the victim could further damage her self esteem and bring into question her own self- worth. She may feel like no matter what she does is not good enough and always come up short. The victim a lot of the time places the blame solely on them selves. This is because the victims self esteem becomes so worn down by the abuser that she starts to actually believe that she is the reason for her abusive relationship. One main reason women remain in abusive relationships is because of love itself. The abused woman may feel she can ultimately fix her abuser. She may have been isolated from her friends and family in which her abuser was her world. The victim may tend to focus on the good aspects of the relationship if there are any. Many victims have this misconstrued perception of their abuser and usually its denial. The victim may give herself a reason to remain in the relationship and eventually begin to believe in this reason to the point that she is in denial of all the other different types and aspects of abuse. There is one specific domestic violence case that sticks out in my mind about a woman who chose to stand by her man after being a big news topic of ESPN Sportscenter and the NFL. Former Baltimore Ravens running back Ray Rices career ended short because of one bad decision. This one bad decision reflected what must have been going on behind closed doors at home. In 2012, Ray Rice knocked his wife Janay Rice out cold on an elevator in Atlantic City, New Jersey. After being kicked off the team, Ray Rice and Janay made a public address to the media in what seemed to be a very apologetic Janay and Ray Rice. The only problem was, why was Janay the one who was being apologetic? Ray Rice also made several apologies to his family, his fans, the kids, and coaches. It seemed that he had reluctantly forgot to apologize publicly to the only person that really should have mattered. He did not apologize to his wife while speaking to the media. If that does not speak wonders and for itself then I do not know what does. In a similar situation, Chiefs ex running back Kareem Hunt was in the news for a video that had surfaced of him attacking an unknown woman and going as far as to kick her while she had already been shoved down to the ground by Hunt as friends tried to hold him back and dissolve the abuse that was taking place. This incident stirred up repressed emotions for Janay Rice as she related to the victim that Hunt had attacked. I do not believe Janays claims that this was the only physical abuse that she endured from Ray Rice in her current relationship(Baltimore Sun Staff). Ray Rice claims people do not realize the friendship he had with Janay that dated back to his teenage years.

London s Delusive Visionary, Banksy - 1475 Words

London’s delusive visionary, Banksy has made waves of controversy. His artwork started in London and have made their way to Los Angeles, Syria, and Brooklyn but he is known all over the world for mocking our society and people seem to be drawn to it, including myself. Even though graffiti is not known for making an impact to society, Street art can reflect a feeling because all art has some meaning and the artist has a reason for painting it for the public to see. The British graffiti artist started off as a freehand graffiti artist, one of three his his crew in the 1990’s. Banksy later on was influenced by Inky, Nicky Walker, and 3D who were other graffiti artists native to Bristol, his canvas city. Angelina Jolie and Christina Aguilera are just some of the celebrities who have found purpose to his work and own some of his artwork. through action Street art, Graffiti, Urban, and Guerrilla arts are all a part of the visual arts created for the public’s viewing. It took off in the early 1980’s with artist like Renà © Moncada, John Fekner, and Shepard Fairy. Materials used to preform this type of art are spray cans used with stencils for quick applications to walls for the purpose of not getting under arrest for vandalism. The genre was popularized in New York city, and soon was popping up in many other major cities all around the world. Some of Houston’s most famous graffiti artist that you have probably seen, but haven t taken notice to like Howie, Abels, and Weah which is

Line by line commentary Essay Example For Students

Line by line commentary Essay Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan (+ Annotations by Sophie Brazier 11B) They sent me a salwar kameez peacock-blue, glistening like an orange split open, embossed slippers, gold and black points curling. Candy-striped glass bangles snapped, drew blood. Like at school, fashions changed in Pakistan the salwar bottoms were broad and stiff, then narrow. My aunts chose an apple-green sari, silver-bordered for my teens. I tried each satin-silken top was alien in the sitting room. I could never be as lovely as those clothes I longed for denim and corduroy. My costume clung to me and I was aflame, I couldnt rise up out of its fire, half-English, unlike Aunt Jamila. I wanted my parents camel-skin lamp switching it on in my bedroom, to consider the cruelty and the transformation from camel to shade, marvel at the colours like stained glass. My mother cherished her jewellery Indian gold, dangling, filigree. But it was stolen from our car. The presents were radiant in my wardrobe. My aunts requested cardigans from Marks and Spencers. My salwar kameez didnt impress the schoolfriend who sat on my bed, asked to see my weekend clothes. But often I admired the mirror-work, tried to glimpse myself in the miniature glass circles, recall the story how the three of us sailed to England. Prickly heat had me screaming on the way. I ended up in a cot in my English grandmothers dining room, found myself alone, playing with a tin boat. I pictured my birthplace from fifties photographs. When I was older there was a conflict, a fractured land throbbing through newsprint. Sometimes I saw Lahore - my aunts in shaded rooms, screened from male visitors, sorting presents, wrapping them in tissue. Or there were beggars, sweeper-girls and I was there of no fixed nationality, staring through fretwork at the Shalimar gardens. Cultural reference referring to Pakistani culture. Bright vivid colours suggesting beauty of culture. See above comment. Onomatopoeia adding to imagery in mind. See Comment This may be the personas patience snapping or her tolerance. Suggests that the girl is uncomfortable with the Pakistani culture that she is experiencing. See Comment See Comment See Comment Alliteration showing detail and feel of clothing creating a picture in our minds. See Comment The fact that this phrase is all on one line shows the intensity of this desire. Stereotypical English clothing See above comment. See Comment This may show her embarrassment at her foreign clothing making us feel uncomfortable and ashamed if we have judged someone on appearance. This may be her feeling when she is expected to wear or uses the presents from her Aunts in Pakistan. See above comment. Simile so we can compare the beauty to something we are familiar with. See Comment this shows us positive seemingly perfect view. The above comment is juxtaposed with this comment bringing a sense of reality into the poem. This makes us ashamed of the way people can act sometimes. This seems to be as if she doesnt want to acknowledge her presents which be a parallel of her not wanting to acknowledge her roots and heritage. See Comment this is a typical English gift which adds irony to the poem making us empathise with the persona, if others dont have to have cultural presents then why should she? See comment She may resent not having weekend clothes. This seems that there are mixed feelings concerning her iage and this makes us interested as to why because she seems confused. Uncomfortable experience making it memorable. Typical English room adds second cultural element. No one to play with so we feel sorry for the persona. Mention of conflict, theme of pain and discomfort. See above comment. See Comment Daydream quality here shows us the she still thinks of Pakistan and imagines it. Link back to the title. This may be a metaphor for cushioning the persona from life. This may be that she resents having one fixed nationality and she likes and dislikes certain elements of both the English and Pakistani culture.